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Boolean literals are the source code representation for boolean values. In Java, a boolean value can only be defined as true or false. Therefore, boolean literals are true and false. When your write the exact words true and false in your code, they are treated as boolean literals. For instance:
boolean b = true; // valid
boolean b = True; // invalid
In the code above, the second line tries to use the word True as a boolean value which is not allowed. Boolean literals are case sensitive; true and false are the only valid boolean literals.