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The object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm is widely considered as one of the best in software development. At its core, OOP is simply a way of thinking about problem and their solutions. Instead of tackling the problem in a procedural way, OOP attempts to break down a problem into component objects. The solution focuses on these independent objects and their relationship with each other. You will find this approach more suitable as the most of the real-world problems are complex and multifaceted and do not conform easily to the procedural approach.
Java is a object-oriented language and requires thorough understanding of OOP to do effective programming. A word of caution here is that Java is also considered as a hybrid language as you can as well do procedural programming in java. However, Java’s full potential is realized only when you use it as an object-oriented language. In other words, you need to understand the essence of OO (concepts) as well as Java-as-a- language to do effective object-oriented programming using Java. You need to understand what an object is, what a class is, how objects and classes are related, and how the objects communicate to solve a particular problem. In this chapter, we will discuss a real-world problem of banking and learn some important OO concepts in its context.